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Sri Lanka, an island nation earlier known as Ceylon, has a recorded history that stretches back about 2500 years. Since the 15th century, the country experienced several foreign invasions and was ruled in succession by the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the British until 1948 when independence was finally gained.

The Thai Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) was a nationally representative sample survey conducted from March through June 1988 to collect data on fertility, family planning, and child and maternal health. A total of 9,045 households and 6,775 ever-married women aged 15 to 49 were interviewed. The results indicate that the longer term decline in fertility that started two decades ago has been continuing during recent years.